ABSOLUTE WORLD RECORDS HIGHJUMP

With 'absolute world records' I simply mean that no one has jumped better. For masters this means that no one older (age in days!) has jumped better, for children no one younger. The tables below give age with two digits behind the point. Although in fact the jumps are worse, equallings are given (except equallings by the same jumper).



Kids
[graph]Children develop very fast and so one month age difference can be one centimeter height difference, see the graph above. At first girls and boys develop about equally fast, until for girls development slows down. For boys this takes some more years. The green line goes through the best jumps of boys of age 7-14. The line for girls is less clear.
A possibility is that development does not give a straight line; see graph to the right (or an enlargement of it) where horizontally the square root of age has been used. For boys this leads to a nice fit, but again not for girls. (See links for other international age records and European youth records. They most likely are not incomplete.)

Masters
For masters decline goes rather slow, around two centimeters each year. Somewhere after age 30 decline sets in and at a certain age decline accelerates - likely a genetic effect. The dark-blue line shows men's records, the dark red line women's. Green lines are again lines through the very best records. (See links for other masters world records (see also Masterstrack) and for European masters records.) The green lines of men and women are strikingly parallel and decline lookes linear onto a high age.
Masters track and field is still going up - otherwise I should not have jumped world records. (See pictures of my jumps over 1.57 (former world record W50, now NR; take-off with right) and over 1.50 (former world record W55, now NR; take-off with left).)

Quality
Below you find tables with records for all ages, first women, than men. Most columns are easy to understand. The third column sometimes shows an 'i', for I have taken the best jump of outdoor and indoor (i). The last but one column, 'line', indicates possible records for exactly that age, as following from the green line in the graph. The last column is mentioned 'quality', it shows how much the real record is lying below the green line, in centimeters. Through the very best records goes the green line and so these ones have quality=zero. All other records have a quality below zero. At the end of the tables is shown how fast decline for masters is.

Weia Reinboud (weiatletiek (at-symbol) xmsnet (dot) nl)


WOMEN

ageheight
name


meet site


linequality



DMY
DMY
[cm]
7.49 1.16
Sandra Törnros SWE 25 02 1995 Gävle 20 08 2002

7.90 1.21 i Sandra Törnros SWE 25 02 1995 Västerås 18 01 2003

8.30 1.34
Sandra Törnros SWE 25 02 1995 Gävle 12 06 2003

9.39 1.37
Sandra Törnros SWE 25 02 1995 Gävle 17 07 2004

9.55 1.44
Sophia Begg AUS 14 06 1988 Dubbo 03 01 1998

10.23 1.56
Yvonne Baum GER 21 03 1967 Gotha 12 06 1977

11.41 1.60
Jenny Isgren SWE 16 04 1981 Malmö 13 09 1992

11.52 1.60
Dominick Nouws NED 27 02 1994 Papendrecht 03 09 2005

11.61 1.64 i Vanessa Varjolampi FIN 08 04 1995 Turku 19 11 2006

11.71 1.69
Stacey Destin USA 07 11 1996 Omaha 24 07 2008

12.49 1.72
Neele Albrecht GER 09 11 1987 Hamburg 07 05 2000

12.70 1.72
Schquay Brignac USA 13 11 1983 Houston 25 07 1996

12.74 1.75
Stacey Destin USA 07 11 1996 Des Moines 04 08 2009

13.13 1.80
Sonja Wennekes AUS 27 10 1973 Sydney 12 12 1986

14.08 1.81
Lea Haggett GBR 09 05 1972 Birmingham 06 06 1986

14.09 1.82 i Renáta Medgyesová SVK 28 01 1983 Dunaújváros 01 03 1997

14.11 1.85
Carmen Hunter AUS 26 10 1978 Perth 05 12 1992

14.39 1.89
Marina Kuptsova RUS 22 12 1981 Moskva 12 05 1996

15.43 1.90
Marina Kuptsova RUS 22 12 1981 Moskva 27 05 1997

15.70 1.93 i Venelina Veneva BUL 13 06 1974 Tolbukhin 24 02 1990

16.11 1.95 i Marina Kuptsova RUS 22 12 1981 Brno 30 01 1998

17.10 1.96
Charmaine Gale RSA 27 02 1964 Bloemfontein 04 04 1981

17.51 1.96
Olga Turchak KAZ 05 03 1967 Donetsk 07 09 1984

18.19 1.97
Yelena Yelesina RUS 04 04 1970 Halle 12 06 1988

18.36 1.98
Yelena Yelesina RUS 04 04 1970 Nyíregyháza 13 08 1988

18.83 2.01
Heike Balck GER 19 08 1970 Chemnitz 18 06 1989

19.34 2.01
Olga Turchak KAZ 05 03 1967 Moskva 07 07 1986

19.77 2.01
Blanka Vlasic CRO 08 11 1983 Zürich 15 08 2003

20.20 2.03 i Marina Kuptsova RUS 22 12 1981 Wien 02 03 2002

20.40 2.06
Stefka Kostadinova BUL 25 03 1965 Moskva 18 08 1985

21.17 2.07
Stefka Kostadinova BUL 25 03 1965 Sofia 25 05 1986

21.18 2.08
Stefka Kostadinova BUL 25 03 1965 Sofia 31 05 1986

22.43 2.09
Stefka Kostadinova BUL 25 03 1965 Roma 30 08 1987

29.31 2.08 i Kajsa Bergqvist SWE 12 10 1976 Arnstadt 04 02 2006

29.79 2.05
Kajsa Bergqvist SWE 12 10 1976 London 28 07 2006

31.36 2.05
Stefka Kostadinova BUL 25 03 1965 Atlanta 03 08 1996

31.48 2.04
Stefka Kostadinova BUL 25 03 1965 Tokyo 16 09 1996

32.18 2.04
Venelina Veneva BUL 13 06 1974 Zürich 18 08 2006 2.09 -4.80
34.02 2.03
Inha Babakova UKR 27 06 1967 Lausanne 04 07 2001 2.05 -2.04
36.00 2.01
Inha Babakova UKR 27 06 1967 Oslo 27 06 2003 2.01 0.00
36.92 1.99
Inha Babakova UKR 27 06 1967 Moskva 30 05 2004 1.99 -0.11
36.94 1.98
Inha Babakova UKR 27 06 1967 Sevilla 05 06 2004 1.99 -1.08
37.02 1.97
Inha Babakova UKR 27 06 1967 Jalta 03 07 2004 1.99 -1.92
37.23 1.95
Inha Babakova UKR 27 06 1967 Monaco 18 09 2004 1.98 -3.50
37.24 1.94
Inha Babakova UKR 27 06 1967 Yokohama 22 09 2004 1.98 -4.48
38.19 1.89 i Yelena Panikarovskikh RUS 04 12 1959 Moskva 14 02 1998 1.97 -7.52
38.52 1.86
Yelena Panikarovskikh RUS 04 12 1959 Eurajoki 11 06 1998 1.96 -9.86
38.66 1.86
Roberta Bugarini ITA 19 09 1969 Imola 17 05 2008 1.96 -9.57
39.54 1.79
Yelena Panikarovskikh RUS 04 12 1959 Eurajoki 20 06 1999 1.94 -14.77
39.66 1.78
Roberta Bugarini ITA 19 09 1969 Modena 16 05 2009 1.94 -15.53
40.00 1.78 i Julia Machin GBR 26 03 1970 Lee Valley 27 03 2010 1.93 -14.83
41.78 1.76
Trish Porter USA 27 08 1962 Albuquerque 06 06 2004 1.89 -13.21
46.41 1.76
Debbie Brill CAN 10 03 1953 Gateshead 06 08 1999 1.80 -3.76
49.23 1.65
Debbie Brill CAN 10 03 1953 Burnaby 01 06 2002 1.74 -9.00
49.30 1.61
Debbie Brill CAN 10 03 1953 Eugene 29 06 2002 1.74 -12.85
51.27 1.60
Debbie Brill CAN 10 03 1953 Langley 19 06 2004 1.70 -9.82
51.83 1.58
Carmen Karg GER 19 08 1954 Chemnitz 17 06 2006 1.69 -10.69
52.29 1.55
Debbie Brill CAN 10 03 1953 Abbotsford 26 06 2005 1.68 -12.74
52.44 1.55
Weia Reinboud NED 11 03 1950 Potsdam 21 08 2002 1.67 -12.43
55.56 1.55
Florence Picaut FRA 25 10 1952 Versailles 18 05 2008 1.61 -6.06
56.31 1.50
Weia Reinboud NED 11 03 1950 Krommenie 02 07 2006 1.60 -9.55
59.05 1.48 i Weia Reinboud NED 11 03 1950 Ancona 29 03 2009 1.54 -5.95
60.24 1.45
Weia Reinboud NED 11 03 1950 Hoorn 06 06 2010 1.52 -6.53
60.30 1.44
Phil Raschker USA 21 02 1947 Hoover 09 06 2007 1.51 -7.40
60.35 1.42
Weia Reinboud NED 11 03 1950 Nyíregyháza 18 07 2010 1.51 -9.29
62.71 1.41
Edith Graf BEL 09 11 1941 Aarhus 25 07 2004 1.46 -5.48
63.30 1.37
Kathy Bergen USA 24 12 1939 Santa Ana 13 04 2003 1.45 -8.27
65.17 1.37
Ursula Stelling GER 23 05 1941 Poznan 23 07 2006 1.41 -4.46
67.14 1.36
Ursula Stelling GER 23 05 1941 Schweinfurt 12 07 2008 1.37 -1.44
68.19 1.30
Ursula Stelling GER 23 05 1941 Lahti 01 08 2009 1.35 -5.29
70.58 1.30
Kathy Bergen USA 24 12 1939 Sacramaneto 24 07 2010 1.30 -0.41
71.11 1.24 i Christiane Schmalbruch GER 08 01 1937 Hamburg 17 02 2008 1.29 -5.34
72.56 1.23
Christiane Schmalbruch GER 08 01 1937 Lahti 01 08 2009 1.26 -3.36
72.66 1.18
Christa Happ GER 25 12 1929 Potsdam 21 08 2002 1.26 -8.18
72.85 1.17
Elsa Enarsson SVE 30 08 1930 Carolina 05 07 2003 1.26 -8.78
73.82 1.17
Leili Kaas EST 01 10 1934 Ljubljana 27 07 2008 1.24 -6.80
75.56 1.16
Christa Happ GER 25 12 1929 Quedlinburg 16 07 2005 1.20 -4.25
76.86 1.16 i Rosemary Chrimes GBR 19 05 1933 Lee Valley 27 03 2010 1.18 -1.60
76.61 1.15
Christa Happ GER 25 12 1929 Aachen 05 08 2006 1.18 -3.10
77.12 1.15
Rosemary Chrimes GBR 19 05 1933 Cardiff 03 07 2010 1.17 -2.06
79.60 1.12
Christa Happ GER 25 12 1929 Lahti 01 08 2009 1.12 0.00
80.14 1.08 i Christa Happ GER 25 12 1929 Sindelfingen 14 02 2010 1.11 -2.91
80.56 1.06
Christa Happ GER 25 12 1929 Nyíregyháza 18 07 2010 1.10 -4.03
80.00 1.01
Sarah Overton USA


Franklin 16 07 2005 1.11 -10.19
81.61 1.00
Olga Kotelko CAN 02 03 1919 St George 10 10 2000 1.08 -7.91
82.27 0.98
Olga Kotelko CAN 02 03 1919 Eugene 09 06 2001 1.07 -8.55
83.32 0.97
Olga Kotelko CAN 02 03 1919 Eugene 29 06 2002 1.04 -7.40
83.40 0.96 i Margarete Strüven GER 20 10 1922 Linz 15 03 2006 1.04 -8.24
85.49 0.94
Olga Kotelko CAN 02 03 1919 Dorado 28 08 2004 1.00 -5.98
87.61 0.90
Margaret Hinton USA 14 08 1921 San Antonio 22 03 2009 0.96 -5.66
90.41 0.82
Olga Kotelko CAN 02 03 1919 Lahti 01 08 2009 0.90 -7.93
91.01 0.75 i Olga Kotelko CAN 02 03 1919 Kamloops 04 03 2010 0.89 -13.72











decline











2.04











cm/year

MEN

ageheight
name


meet site


linequality



DMY
DMY
[cm]
1.99 0.26
Steve Parsons USA 18 04 1970 Northfield 15 04 1972 0.78 -52.03
3.97 0.45
Kevin Strain USA 18 06 1967 Alhambra 08 06 1971 0.99 -54.04
4.28 0.56
Kevin Strain USA 18 06 1967 Juneau 30 09 1971 1.02 -46.33
5.82 0.81
John Carnes USA 25 09 1966 Gainesville 21 07 1972 1.19 -37.66
5.91 0.81
Tommy Durrance USA 25 08 1966 Gainesville 21 07 1972 1.20 -38.55
7.18 1.24
Jimmy McPeak USA 10 06 1964 Hollywood 16 08 1971 1.33 -9.10
8.23 1.25
Petteri Heinonen FIN 25 05 1996 Kangasala 18 08 2004 1.44 -19.22
8.73 1.32
Adam Fletcher USA 18 10 1971 Raleigh 12 07 1980 1.50 -17.55
8.96 1.33
Kai Räsänen FIN 29 06 1990 Outokumpu 14 06 1999 1.52 -18.94
8.97 1.34
Jake Stein AUS 17 01 1994 Dubbo 05 01 2003 1.52 -18.03
9.32 1.40
Frank Busemann GER 26 02 1975 Gelsenkirchen 21 06 1984 1.56 -15.77
9.53 1.43
Kyle Hall USA 29 01 1965 Walnut 08 08 1974 1.58 -14.95
9.82 1.46
Jouni Marjaniemi FIN 26 08 1989 Mynämäki 22 06 1999 1.61 -15.10
9.89 1.50
Jeroen Groenewold NED 19 10 1974 Amstelveen 08 09 1984 1.62 -11.78
9.96 1.50 i Vesa Turkulainen FIN 23 11 1981 Turku 10 11 1991 1.63 -12.61
10.09 1.56 i Sean Lee USA 12 01 2000 Flagstaff 14 02 2010 1.64 -7.93
10.33 1.57
Sean Lee USA 12 01 2000 West Covina 09 05 2010 1.66 -9.43
10.42 1.60
Sean Lee USA 12 01 2000 Downey 13 06 2010 1.67 -7.43
10.52 1.60
Russel White USA 15 12 1970 San Fernando 21 06 1981 1.68 -8.46
10.90 1.63
John Thornell AUS 22 04 1985
17 03 1996 1.73 -9.56
11.04 1.74
David Gonzales USA 16 07 1980 Tallahassee 30 07 1991 1.74 0.00
11.64 1.76
Pich Nhem USA 09 09 1976 Pomona 01 05 1988 1.80 -4.43
12.83 1.80
James Watson AUS 23 01 1985
23 11 1997 1.93 -13.04
12.83 1.81
Jordi Rofes ESP 24 09 1976 Pontevedra 24 07 1989 1.93 -12.04
12.86 1.81 i Kelvin Tairou NED 02 04 1995
10 02 2008 1.93 -12.28
12.94 1.85
Tero Niemi FIN 21 06 1975 Lahti 29 05 1988 1.94 -9.16
12.96 1.85
Randy Blumanhourst USA 22 06 1962 Manhattan 07 06 1975 1.94 -9.37
13.51 1.90
Johan Wiklund SWE 02 03 1981 Hudiksvall 04 09 1994 2.00 -10.17
13.59 1.97
Jordi Rofes ESP 24 09 1976 Barcelona 28 04 1990 2.01 -4.12
13.82 2.03
Hisanori Yamamoto JPN 26 08 1962
20 06 1976 2.03 -0.48
14.53 2.07
Oliver Bräutigam GER 04 12 1990 Löwenberg 16 06 2005 2.11 -4.07
14.96 2.15
Oleksandr Nartov UKR 21 05 1988 Uzhgorod 08 05 2003 2.16 -0.65
15.62 2.16
Park Jae-Hong KOR 08 11 1970 Seoul 21 06 1986 2.23 -6.59
15.78 2.17
Javier Sotomayor CUB 13 10 1967 La Habana 24 07 1983 2.24 -7.30
15.79 2.20 i Oleksandr Nartov UKR 21 05 1988 Kharkiv 06 03 2004 2.24 -4.43
16.00 2.21
Weiqiang Xu CHN 22 05 1986 Shanghai 21 05 2002 2.27 -5.61
16.33 2.23
Javier Sotomayor CUB 13 10 1967 La Habana 10 02 1984 2.30 -7.09
16.58 2.31
Javier Sotomayor CUB 13 10 1967 La Habana 13 05 1984 2.33 -1.83
16.60 2.33
Javier Sotomayor CUB 13 10 1967 La Habana 19 05 1984 2.33 0.00
17.44 2.34
Javier Sotomayor CUB 13 10 1967 La Habana 20 03 1985 2.42 -7.87
18.36 2.36
Javier Sotomayor CUB 13 10 1967 Santiago de Cuba 23 02 1986

19.42 2.37
Dragutin Topic JUG 12 03 1971 Plovdiv 12 08 1990 incline
19.48 2.37
Steve Smith GBR 29 03 1973 Seoul 20 09 1992 10.61
19.69 2.37
Javier Sotomayor CUB 13 10 1967 Athena 20 06 1987 cm/year
19.78 2.37
Jacques Freitag RSA 11 06 1982 Durban 23 03 2002

19.85 2.37 i Ivan Ukhov RUS 29 03 1986 Arnstadt 04 02 2006

20.03 2.37
Zhu Jianhua CHN 29 05 1963 Beijing 11 06 1983

20.31 2.38
Zhu Jianhua CHN 29 05 1963 Shanghai 22 09 1983

20.68 2.38
Javier Sotomayor CUB 13 10 1967 Kvarnsveden 19 06 1988

20.90 2.43
Javier Sotomayor CUB 13 10 1967 Salamanca 08 09 1988

21.79 2.44
Javier Sotomayor CUB 13 10 1967 San Juan 29 07 1989

25.79 2.45
Javier Sotomayor CUB 13 10 1967 Salamanca 27 07 1993

26.64 2.42
Javier Sotomayor CUB 13 10 1967 Sevilla 05 06 1994

30.64 2.42 i Carlo Thränhardt GER 05 07 1957 Berlin 26 02 1988 2.47 -5.14
30.75 2.38 i Stefan Holm SWE 25 05 1976 Göteborg 25 02 2007 2.47 -8.91
31.57 2.38 i Sorin Matei RUM 08 07 1963 Wuppertal 03 02 1995 2.45 -7.20
32.13 2.37
Stefan Holm SWE 25 05 1976 Athena 12 07 2008 2.44 -7.03
33.87 2.35
Javier Sotomayor CUB 13 10 1967 Somoso 26 08 2001 2.40 -5.41
38.38 2.31
Dragutin Topic SRB 12 03 1971 Kragujevac 28 07 2009 2.31 0.00
38.27 2.18
Dalton Grant GBR 08 04 1966 Loughborough 17 07 2004 2.31 -13.21
40.56 2.15
Glen Conley USA 09 01 1957 Albany 02 08 1997 2.26 -11.44
42.26 2.15
Dalton Grant GBR 08 04 1966 Albertville 10 07 2008 2.23 -7.91
42.83 2.11 i Dennis Lewis USA 20 03 1959 Ann Arbor 19 01 2002 2.22 -10.71
44.45 2.07
Christian Klemenczak FRA 22 01 1957 Aubervilliers 04 07 2001 2.18 -11.33
45.32 2.04
Marco Segatel ITA 23 03 1962 Cernusco 19 07 2007 2.17 -12.51
46.89 2.04 i Dennis Lewis USA 20 03 1959 Ypsilanti 12 02 2006 2.13 -9.23
46.89 2.00 i Marco Segatel ITA 23 03 1962 Modena 13 02 2009 2.13 -13.24
48.58 2.00
Bruce McBarnette USA 07 10 1957 Durham NC 06 05 2006 2.10 -9.71
50.17 2.00 i Thomas Zacharias GER 02 01 1947 Birmingham 02 03 1997 2.06 -6.40
50.37 1.98
Thomas Zacharias GER 02 01 1947 Baunatal 17 05 1997 2.06 -7.97
52.70 1.94
Bruce McBarnette USA 07 10 1957 Newport New 19 06 2010 2.01 -7.12
52.79 1.89
Bruce McBarnette USA 07 10 1957 Sacramento 23 07 2010 2.01 -11.92
54.37 1.86
Willie Banks USA 11 03 1956 Sacramento 23 07 2010 1.98 -11.64
54.42 1.84
Asko Pesonen FIN 15 04 1943 Kiuruvesi 15 09 1997 1.98 -13.54
59.06 1.84
Thomas Zacharias GER 02 01 1947 Arrecife 25 01 2006 1.88 -3.85
60.32 1.80
Thomas Zacharias GER 02 01 1947 Arrecife 27 04 2007 1.85 -5.23
60.53 1.79
Thomas Zacharias GER 02 01 1947 Fulda 13 07 2007 1.85 -5.78
60.70 1.76
Thomas Zacharias GER 02 01 1947 Riccione 13 09 2007 1.84 -8.44
63.00 1.72
Phil Fehlen USA 03 07 1935 Saskatoon 04 07 1998 1.80 -7.63
64.89 1.68
James Gillcrist USA 28 10 1927
19 09 1992 1.76 -7.68
65.11 1.66
Phil Fehlen USA 03 07 1935 Eugene 12 08 2000 1.75 -9.23
66.26 1.65
Phil Fehlen USA 03 07 1935 Santa Barbara 06 10 2001 1.73 -7.83
67.02 1.61
Carl-Erik Särndal SWE 17 07 1937 Aarhus 26 07 2004 1.71 -10.24
67.59 1.60
Milton Newton USA 06 11 1933 Eugene 09 06 2001 1.70 -10.05
71.69 1.59 i Carl-Erik Särndal SWE 17 07 1937 Ancona 27 03 2009 1.61 -2.49
72.05 1.54
Carl-Erik Särndal SWE 17 07 1937 Lahti 06 08 2009 1.61 -6.75
71.93 1.51
Gordon Seifert USA 18 07 1928
24 06 2000 1.61 -10.00
74.60 1.47
Richard Lowery USA 06 04 1931 Venice 12 11 2005 1.55 -8.43
74.95 1.45
Richard Lowery USA 06 04 1931 Clermont 18 03 2006 1.55 -9.70
75.42 1.44
Esko Kolhonen FIN 03 03 1914 Eugene 04 08 1989 1.54 -9.72
78.13 1.43
Richard Lowery USA 06 04 1931 Clermont 23 05 2009 1.48 -5.07
78.29 1.35 i Nils-Bertil Nevrup SWE 29 11 1926 Eskilstuna 12 03 2005 1.48 -12.74
78.83 1.35
Richard Lowery USA 06 04 1931 Clermont 05 02 2010 1.47 -11.61
79.60 1.35
Esko Kolhonen FIN 03 03 1914 Miyazaki 10 10 1993 1.45 -10.00
80.59 1.35 i Samuli Korpi FIN 19 08 1929 Jyväskulä 20 03 2010 1.43 -7.94
81.57 1.31
Emmerich Zensch AUT 20 12 1919 Brisbane 14 07 2001 1.41 -9.90
82.22 1.30
Gudmund Skriverik NOR 18 04 1921
06 07 2003 1.40 -9.54
83.37 1.30 i Walter Hess GER 03 11 1922 Linz 15 03 2006 1.37 -7.14
83.43 1.25
Esko Kolhonen FIN 03 03 1914 Ikaalinen 09 08 1997 1.37 -12.00
83.64 1.25
Nils-Bertil Nevrup SWE 29 11 1926 Nyíregyháza 19 07 2010 1.37 -11.57
84.60 1.24
Emmerich Zensch AUT 20 12 1919 Aarhus 26 07 2004 1.35 -10.57
85.60 1.22
Emmerich Zensch AUT 20 12 1919 Edmonton 26 07 2005 1.32 -10.48
86.59 1.21
Emmerich Zensch AUT 20 12 1919 Poznan 24 07 2006 1.30 -9.41
87.00 1.21
Donald Pellmann USA 12 08 1915


2002 1.30 -8.56
88.25 1.18 i Emmerich Zensch AUT 20 12 1919 Clermont-Ferrand 20 03 2008 1.27 -8.96
89.56 1.15
Emmerich Zensch AUT 20 12 1919 Neuhofen 11 07 2009 1.24 -9.23
93.98 1.15
Donald Pellmann USA 12 08 1915 Palo alto 05 08 2009 1.15 0.00
94.01 0.98
Klaus Langer GER 15 07 1916 Nyíregyháza 19 07 2010 1.15 -16.94
95.28 0.98
Leland McPhie USA 31 03 1914 Oshkosh 11 07 2009 1.12 -14.29
96.22 0.76
Everett Hosack USA 28 02 1902
17 05 1998 1.10 -34.33
96.31 0.76
Leland McPhie USA 31 03 1914 Sacramento 24 07 2010 1.10 -34.13











decline











2.09











cm/year